//Rectangle.h
#ifndef RECTANGLE_H
#define RECTANGLE_H
class Rectangle
{
	private:
		double width;
		double length;
	public:
		//accessor
		double getWidth() const;
		double getLength() const;
		double getArea() const;

		//mutator
		void setWidth(double w);
		void setLength(double l);
};
#endif
			

//Rectangle.cpp
#include "Rectangle.h"

double Rectangle::getWidth() const
{
	return width;
}

double Rectangle::getLength() const
{
	return length;
}

double Rectangle::getArea() const
{
	return width*length;
}

void Rectangle::setWidth(double w)
{
	width = w;
}

void Rectangle::setLength(double l)
{
	length = l;
}
			

//main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Rectangle.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	Rectangle r;

	r.setWidth(5);
	r.setLength(10);

	std::cout<<"Area: "<<r.getArea()<<std::endl;

	return 0;
}
			

• private, cannot be accessed outside the class
• public, can be accessed by code outside the class
• const after the parentheses in a member function specifies that the function will not change any data stored in the calling object, must appear in both the declaration and the function header
• accessor, member functions that get value from a class's member variable but not make any change
• mutator, member functions that stores a value in member variable or changes the value of member variable

#include <iostream>
#include "Rectangle.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	Rectangle *r;

	r = new Rectangle();

	r->setWidth(5);
	r->setLength(10);

	std::cout<<"Area: "<<r->getArea()<<std::endl;

	delete r;
	r = 0;

	return 0;
}
			

• call member function by -> operator
• (*r).getWidth() equals to r->getWidth()

#include <iostream>
#include "Rectangle.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	const int size = 2;
	Rectangle array[size] = {Rectangle(), Rectangle()};

	for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
	{
		array[i].setWidth(i+1);
		array[i].setLength(2*(i+1));
	}

	for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
		std::cout<<"Area "<<i<<": "<<array[i].getArea()<<std::endl;

	return 0;
}
			

#include <iostream>
#include "Rectangle.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	const int size = 2;
	Rectangle *array[size];

	for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
		array[i] = new Rectangle();

	for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
	{
		array[i]->setWidth(i+1);
		array[i]->setLength(2*(i+1));
	}

	for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
		std::cout<<"Area "<<i<<": "<<array[i]->getArea()<<std::endl;

	for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
	{
		delete array[i];
		array[i] = 0;
	}

	return 0;
}
			

#ifndef V_H
#define V_H
class V
{
	private:
		int size;
		int *array;
	public:
		//constructor
		V(int s):size(s)
		{
			std::cout<<"Constructor ..."<<std::endl;
			array = new int[size];
			for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
				array[i] = 10*i;
			std::cout<<"----End Constructor ..."<<std::endl;
		}

		//copy constructor
		V(const V &right):size(right.size), array(size?new int [size]:nullptr)
		{
			std::cout<<"Copy Constructor ..."<<std::endl;
			std::copy(right.array, right.array+size, array);
			std::cout<<"----End Copy Constructor ..."<<std::endl;
		}

		//move constructor
		V(V && right):size(0), array(nullptr)
		{
			std::cout<<"Move Constructor ..."<<std::endl;
			size = right.size;
			array = right.array;
			right.size = 0;
			right.array =  nullptr;
			std::cout<<"----End Move Constructor ..."<<std::endl;
		}

		int *getAddress() const {return array;}
		int getSize() const {return size;}

		void display() const
		{
			for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
				std::cout<<array[i]<<" ";
			std::cout<<std::endl;
		}

		V & time(int n)
		{
			for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
				array[i] *= n;
			return *this;
		}

		//copy assignment
		const V& operator=(const V &right)
		{
			std::cout<<"Copy Assignment ..."<<size<<std::endl;
			if(this != &right)
			{
				V temp(right);
				//std::swap(size, temp.size);
				//std::swap(array, temp.array);
				std::swap(*this, temp);
			}
			std::cout<<"----End Assignment ..."<<std::endl;

			return *this;
		}

		//move assignment
		V & operator=(V&& right)
		{
			std::cout<<"Move Assignment ..."<<std::endl;
			if(this != &right)
			{
				delete [] array;
				array = 0;
				size = 0;

				size = right.size;
				array = right.array;

				right.size = 0;
				right.array = nullptr;
			}
			std::cout<<"----End Move Assignment ..."<<std::endl;

			return *this;
		}

		~V()
		{
			std::cout<<"Destructor ..."<<size<<std::endl;
			delete array;
			array = 0;
			size = 0;
		}
};
#endif